Physician-scientist and medical humanities
What ORCID Is and Why Persistent Identifiers Matter
An ORCID iD distinguishes a research contributor from similar names and connects that person to works and affiliations through traceable metadata.
Health & Evidence Library
Physician-scientist and medical humanities
Essays on scientific thinking, uncertainty, communication, ethics, narrative, and the human work of medicine.
41 guides · Page 1 of 1
Physician-scientist and medical humanities
Why This Library Exists: An Evidence-Led, Human-Reviewed Project
Why this growing educational library exists, how its sources are selected, and how Jasaman Tojjar reviews every case analysis and evidence guide.
Physician-scientist and medical humanities
Is This Medical Advice? Purpose, Scope, and Who Is Responsible
No. This site is an educational evidence library or diagnosis. Learn what it is, who is responsible, and when to see a clinician.
Physician-scientist and medical humanities
What the Tuskegee Study Changed About Research Oversight
The U.S. Public Health Service syphilis study used deception and withheld treatment. Its disclosure accelerated federal research protections.
Physician-scientist and medical humanities
Type 2 Diabetes Subtypes: Useful Biology or Premature Labels?
Cluster studies reveal heterogeneity within adult-onset diabetes, but proposed subtypes are not yet routine diagnostic categories or treatment rules.
Physician-scientist and medical humanities
The Translation Gap Is Not One Gap
Moving from discovery to routine benefit requires linked evidence about mechanisms, trials, implementation, access, and population outcomes.
Physician-scientist and medical humanities
The Nuremberg Code and the Limits of Consent
The 1947 Nuremberg Code made voluntary consent foundational to research ethics, while later frameworks built protections beyond a signed form.
Physician-scientist and medical humanities
Why the Words of a Diagnosis Matter
Diagnostic language can transmit evidence, uncertainty, respect, or bias. Better wording is accurate, contextual, preference-aware, and useful for care.
Physician-scientist and medical humanities
Why Replication Studies Are Hard
Why repeating a study requires more than copying a methods section and how stronger replication designs clarify what a result means.
Physician-scientist and medical humanities
Why Public Trust in Science Is Earned
Why trustworthy methods, institutions, communication, accountability, and public participation matter more than demands to trust science.
Physician-scientist and medical humanities
Why Promising Discoveries Do Not Reach Patients
A discovery must survive validation, engineering, funding, regulation, clinical testing, manufacturing, and implementation before it can improve care.
Physician-scientist and medical humanities
Why Debunking Can Leave Misinformation Behind
Why corrected claims can still shape memory and reasoning, and how fact-first corrections with a coherent alternative explanation can work better.
Physician-scientist and medical humanities
What Medical Humanities Add to Clinical Practice
How ethics, history, narrative, language, and the arts sharpen observation, judgment, communication, and reflection without replacing science.
Physician-scientist and medical humanities
The History of Evidence-Based Medicine
Evidence-based medicine grew from fair treatment comparisons, clinical epidemiology, systematic reviews, critical appraisal, and shared decisions.
Physician-scientist and medical humanities
The First Randomized Controlled Trial
The 1948 MRC streptomycin study became a landmark because random allocation, concealment, concurrent controls, and blinded assessment worked together.
Physician-scientist and medical humanities
The Ethics of Uncertainty in Medicine
Medical decisions rarely come with certainty. Ethical care makes uncertainty explicit, quantifies it when possible, and builds a plan around it.
Physician-scientist and medical humanities
Risk Stratification in Diabetes Prevention
How screening, prediction, risk tiers, and treatment-effect evidence can make type 2 diabetes prevention more precise and equitable.
Physician-scientist and medical humanities
Precision Medicine in Diabetes: Where It Changes Care and Where Evidence Is Still Thin
A framework for precision diabetes medicine across diagnosis, prevention, treatment, and prognosis, including utility, fairness, and evidence gaps.
Physician-scientist and medical humanities
Medical Ethics in Everyday Care: Four Principles
Autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence, and justice explained through everyday care, competing duties, and a practical reasoning process.
Physician-scientist and medical humanities
How the RECOVERY Adaptive Platform Trial Worked
RECOVERY produced rapid randomized answers through a master protocol, concurrent controls, simple enrollment, large scale, and prespecified analyses.
Physician-scientist and medical humanities
How Insulin Became a Treatment: A Breakthrough Revisited
The insulin breakthrough as a chain of prior science, teamwork, purification, patient evidence, manufacturing, revision, and unfinished access.
Physician-scientist and medical humanities
From Biological Idea to Clinical Use: A Map of Translation
A regulator-grounded map from biological hypothesis and product design through preclinical work, human trials, review, manufacturing, and implementation.
Physician-scientist and medical humanities
Why One Diabetes Threshold Does Not Fit Every Population
Insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion vary across populations, so a single global cutoff can both miss and mislabel diabetes risk.
Physician-scientist and medical humanities
What Global Clinical Development Actually Involves
A plain-language tour of how a medicine moves through worldwide clinical programs, and why doing it well takes years.
Physician-scientist and medical humanities
Umbrella, Basket, and Platform Trials: What the FDA's Master-Protocol Guidance Actually Changes
A neutral explainer of the FDA's 2026 revised draft guidance on master protocols and the tradeoffs of shared controls and multiplicity.
Physician-scientist and medical humanities
The Declaration of Helsinki and What Its 2024 Revision Added
How the WMA Declaration of Helsinki governs human research and what its October 2024 revision changed for consent, biobanks, and emergencies.
Physician-scientist and medical humanities
The Belmont Report and the Three Principles Behind Every Ethics Review
The 1979 Belmont Report distilled human-research ethics into three principles that still shape how every ethics board judges a study.
Physician-scientist and medical humanities
Polygenic Risk Scores for Coronary Artery Disease: How Much Do They Actually Add?
A plain-language look at what coronary polygenic risk scores measure, the modest accuracy they add, and why they transfer poorly across ancestries.
Physician-scientist and medical humanities
Narrative Medicine and Why Patient Stories Matter
What narrative medicine is, why a patient's story sharpens care, and how stories and evidence work together rather than against each other.
Physician-scientist and medical humanities
MODY: The Single-Gene Diabetes That Often Wears the Wrong Label
Why MODY gets mistaken for type 1 or type 2 diabetes, the clues that should trigger genetic testing, and how the right gene changes treatment.
Physician-scientist and medical humanities
Henrietta Lacks, HeLa Cells, and the Consent Problem in Tissue Research
How the HeLa story and the 2013 NIH-Lacks family agreement turned informed consent from a one-time signature into ongoing governance of genomic data.
Physician-scientist and medical humanities
Gestational Diabetes, Explained Clearly
What gestational diabetes is, why pregnancy raises blood sugar, and what the diagnosis does and does not mean for the years ahead.
Physician-scientist and medical humanities
From Bench to Bedside in Diabetes: Why So Few Discoveries Reach a Patient
How a diabetes discovery becomes a treatment, the stages of translational medicine, and why most promising findings never finish the journey.
Physician-scientist and medical humanities
DPYD Testing Before 5-FU and Capecitabine: How Genotype-Guided Dosing Prevents Severe Toxicity
How a pretreatment DPYD gene test cuts the risk of severe 5-FU and capecitabine toxicity, what CPIC advises, and what a normal result cannot promise.
Physician-scientist and medical humanities
Diabetes and the Heart: Why Modern Care Is Increasingly Organ Protection
Modern type 2 diabetes care aims at the heart and kidneys themselves, not at the glucose number alone. Here is why the goal changed.
Physician-scientist and medical humanities
CYP2C19 and Clopidogrel: What the FDA Warning and the CPIC Guideline Actually Establish
How CYP2C19 genotype blunts clopidogrel, what the FDA boxed warning and the 2022 CPIC guideline say, and where the outcome evidence is strong or thin.
Physician-scientist and medical humanities
Can Empathy Be Measured? What the Jefferson Scale Actually Captures
What the Jefferson Scale of Empathy really measures, why psychometricians trust it, and where the outcome evidence stops short.
Physician-scientist and medical humanities
Mentoring the next generation of clinicians
What good mentorship in medicine looks like, why it matters for both mentor and learner, and how to make it more than an accident.
Physician-scientist and medical humanities
How good clinicians stay current
Practical habits for keeping up with medical evidence without drowning in it, and why staying current is a skill rather than a burden.
Physician-scientist and medical humanities
From registry to bedside: why population research helps patients
How research across whole populations connects to the care of one individual, and why a population view makes everyday medicine better.
Physician-scientist and medical humanities
What a PhD adds to a clinician: a practical look
What research training contributes to question framing, evidence appraisal, and honest decisions under uncertainty in health care.